An interesting chapter dedicated to understanding the difference between NDB & ADF, and how those work together, to improve aircraft navigation. You will discover part of ICAO Annex 10, automatic ground monitoring system, coverage and range of NDBs, their accuracy, together with errors like coastal refraction, night/twilight effect, etc. Attention will be given to the different types of indicators commonly used: fixed and moving card ADF, radio magnetic indicator (RMI), and electronic display.

Our interactive videos and explanation will take you to the next level, also thanks to the formulas, questions, and problems to solve in this article, aiming to increase the knowledge of this chapter and get you ready for your ATPL studies.